Stephen Hawking: Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) made profound contributions to theoretical physics despite living with ALS for over 50 years. He combined general relativity and quantum mechanics to show that black holes emit radiation—now called Hawking radiation—implying they can evaporate over time. This bridged two major physics theories and reshaped cosmology. His work on singularities with Roger Penrose proved that the universe likely began in a Big Bang. Hawking also explored the nature of time, multiverse theories, and the quest for a “theory of everything.” Beyond academia, his bestseller A Brief History of Time brought complex ideas to millions. Using a speech synthesizer, he became a global icon of resilience and curiosity. Hawking’s legacy lies in both his scientific insights and his ability to inspire wonder about the cosmos.
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